About 30% of all tests/procedures are done to protect against lawsuits, not for a legit medical reason (as per docs).

Other ideas:

High deductible plans, to protect against catastrophic costs, but not normal ones - seriously, the American public needs to get more direct skin in the game

Pay docs/hospitals for solving conditions instead of for each procedure (i.e., they are paid the same amount for a patient with pneumonia regardless of the treatment)

I also think the movement of people from health plan to health plan needs to be restricted in some way. Right now, payers don't care about preventive care because the average member is only around for 2 years, so why bother. This dynamic needs to be changed.