Glad you asked. Actually, I would do little to the Tower itself. It works just fine for the sisters, after all. Instead, I would propose a sort-of Geneva Convention, as it were, regarding channelers, and their use and treatment throughout the world, and force the Tower to be the first signatory and guarantor of the freedoms and restrictions contained therein. In it, I would mandate that no channeler be compelled to join, participate with, or serve any group against his or her own free will

-that training of the innate ability to channel shall not require any such loyalty or service to such an organization

- that no channeling organization can be denied the rights or privileges extended to another such organization

- that no channeling organization or its members are exempt from the laws of any nation or other authority, except for such exemptions as said authorities see fit to grant on their own recognizance

- that certain consequences designed to protect that natural rights of normal people be applied to channels, such as holding those who place a person under Compulsion or command them through that Compulsion legally responsible for the actions of the Compelled person (making the Tower liable for any action, ever, taken by a sister who has sworn the Three Oaths), holding the channeling community liable for supernatural threats, etc.

The best way to improve something is through incentives. You get the best incentives through competition in the free market. You cannot prevent dangers by forbidding danger, rather you provide legal protection for the ability of people or groups to defend themselves. Rather than raise the Tower as Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan - an engine to improve the world and channelling - strip away the Tower's privileged position and let the channelers compete and find the best ways to do things, and keep the various groups of channelers too busy keeping an eye on one another to oppress the normal people.

Throughout the series, the innovations and recoveries of channeling techniques have all mostly from outside the Tower. The Wise Ones' abilities of unweaving, Dreamwalking and prenatal diagnostics, the Sea Folk weather ability that surpasses the Age of Legends, the combat superiority of the damane, Traveling, ter'angreal making, Healing severing and the tricks learned from Moghedian were all brought to the Tower's awareness by mavericks, rebels and outsiders. The one innovation by an old-school sister was the detection of male channeling, and that was obviously and blatantly inspired by the rise of a competing group! Even when male channelers were the greatest menace to the world, no one came up with it, once the Breaking was over and they became an individual nuisance. Cadsuane's & Nynaeve's ter'angreal sets are said to date from the Breaking and imply that such techniques or equivalents might have been known at that time, but once male channelers as a group were no longer a threat to the collectivized Aes Sedai, the technique was lost and never regained, presumably due ot the low priority. Human nature being what it was, it took the assassination of two sisters by a weilder or saidin to drive the recovery of that ability. Nothing concentrates the mind like the prospect of being hanged the next morning, as the saying goes, and it appears that the possibility of being the next victim of an undetectable attack has a similarly salubrious effect. Now, there is nothing to say the sister who developed it had not been working the problem all her life, but the fact is, she only mastered it after a couple of deaths made it abundantly clear that an immediate, clear and present threat existed.

The new or secret abilities of the other channeling groups were driven, if not by competition with other channelers, than by the needs of their circumstances. The Windfinders became good at weather-weaving because their society is based entirely on wind-powered sea travel, where they are at the mercy of the weather in so many ways that their survival depended on gaining as much influence over the weather as possible. The Aiel skill with unweaving can be attributed to the heightened awareness and care their harsh environment imposes on their mindsets (best illustrated in Aviendha's first PoV in tGS). In the hazardous terrain of the Aiel Waste, with its deadly flora and fauna and endemic warfare, the Aiel grow up conscious of the need for constant caution and the need to always be on guard against fatal dangers. For people used to watching every step, lest they alert an enemy to their presence, stumble and hurt themselves in a lifeless desert or rouse a venomous creature, handling a weave where a slight error could mean catastrophic death or severing is not as far outside the acceptable risk-reward parameters as Aes Sedai might find it in their more academic position. By contrast, both groups have less luxury to explore other pursuits of the Power which might not have immediate applications to their life-and-death struggles, and so lack the versatility of the Power that the White Tower possesses. In the meantime, the Tower's own approach vis a vis non-initiate channelers precludes any peaceful intercourse between it and other groups or interaction as between equals. All such learning between the groups happens when one or the other gets some sisters under their own authority and power, because otherwise Aes Sedai will refuse to learn from or teach outsiders.

By protecting such groups from the White Tower, it will be possible for people to learn channeling any way they want to. Parents could teach their children or neighbors in the home. Nations could raise groups of channelers to serve the nation and its interests, and tyrants could be opposed by rebel channelers. There could be room for guilds and businesses as well. Elaida rightly points out that she can only maintain the wards that permit the Royal Palace's garden to flourish in lingering winter weather over a limited area and that the Queen's advisor or members of the Royal family cannot, in fairness, select a single farm to be the beneficiary of her largess, but what if people could bid on such services? Without the Tower using its monopoly to impose an anti-normal-work mindset on its initiates, extort tributes from nations which should be putting all their resources to defending the Blightborder, and have such a dominant position that they can supply their membership with unlimited funds so as to completely insulate them from the material issues of the real world (witess how the Aes Sedai have personal servants and relatively luxurious tents even as they quibble over paying their soldiers in a timely fashion), such services can be made widely available. Moiraine wards the Queen's Blessing against vermin for her own convenience (keeping out Shadoweyes) and Master Gill expresses his gratitude for the side effect of his having the only guaranteed rat-free inn in the city, but why is their no mechanism in place for people to get such an obvious benefit of the One Power? Why should they not have the opportunity to avail themselves of this?

If there are multiple channeling organzations, sooner or later human greed will motivate one of them to offer greater services than the Tower provides the nations in exchange for that same tribute. Once they start getting something for that tribute, people will be less inclined to offer the Tower ANYTHING just because of who they are. Even the fear and awe and respect will dwindle if they can turn to another group for protection against the Tower. Siuan can blather all she wants about the Oaths making people know that they are safe from the Power, but normal people have more imagination than an up-jumped dockside guttersnipe with no experience of the world between the slums of Tear and the halls of the Tower. They are thinking of a lot more the Aes Sedai "could" do in between neglect and total destruction, and would no doubt pay a great deal for peace of mind (or at least a fighting chance) in that regard. Once financial incentives are possible for channelers, they will become necessary, and Egwene will not have to worry about getting sisters to accept the need for taking in new novices, because SOMEONE will have to do the scut-work of making the wards & weaves for their customers, or making ter'angreal that can duplicate the effects. Organizations will compete as well to offer the best benefits and remuneration to channelers, which will be to the benefit of channelers themselves, giving them more choices in life. Granted, they will probably lose the chance to be a supreme lord or lady who can talk to rulers as an equal and get away with anything and answer to no authority but the Tower, but that works out better for everyone. In addition, the greater flexibility and innovative potential of a truly free market will work to the liberation of the Seanchan damane, as their system as it is will not be able to compete with other societies. Channeling will become far more widespread and the channelers will be doing the innovation themselves, not simply refining standardized combat techniques. The Seanchan plainly cannot allow their channelers the discretion to innovate in their current system, while having the channelers supreme over a society removes the need to innovate. Pitting the channelers against environmental conditions leads to the specialization and limitations of the Windfinders and Wise Ones, as they become VERY good at their particular challenges, but a static challenge like seafaring or desert conditions doesn't spur them past anything new once they have figured out the best way to beat it with what they have. Pitting them against each by forcing them to respond to the needs and desires of the general public is the best way to break the weaknesses of ALL the systems of channeling.