is that Scotland always was independent until the Union in the early 18th century, albeit at times under the same crown as England in a personal union (although I'm not sure about how much real independence it had under Cromwell, possibly that was a temporary exception). It fought several wars against England to *remain* independent, but with your references to the American Revolution you're making it sound as if they were an English possession that fought to liberate itself. Only the wars of the Pretenders that you note, the "1715" and the "1745", could actually be considered revolutions like the American one (and even then it'd be an odd comparison).