Language is always contextual and relational

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So I am not going to define what is small talk or large talk by talking about language, but instead the purpose we use language for. (You won't find the answer in language but instead backtracking to the human part with ones goals, desires, and actions we perform to change reality.)

Small Talk purpose in my mind is social grooming. With social grooming being a behavior in which social animals, including humans, clean or maintain one another's body or appearance. Social grooming is not just about being "clean" it establish trusts, boundaries, reciprocity and it makes social animals including humans feel relaxed, building trust, bonds, putting humans at ease if there is no existing bonds, etc.

Small Talk is NOT goal directed for there is no problem to be solved. Besides the social grooming I mentioned in the previous paragraph another reason humans do small talk has to do with complexity and synchronizing ourselves to others. We do small talk all the time in hetertopiac like environments. By which I mean an environment where the environment itself has no single purpose (like a factory building widgets) but is instead multipurpose (like a marketplace with several vendors) and since such a space is multipurpose there is something in the back of the mind where we feel like an other, or we see someone's other behavior as other-like for we do not know what they are doing in this multipurpose space. Another type of heterotopia besides a market would be a cafeteria, sure it has the purpose of eating but it is also multi-functional so some people want to do small talk instead of just eating the food (as fast as possible), or relaxing for 30 minutes before going back to work.

Large Talk is goal directed. Either you are trying to solve a problem, or you are trying to create a world view, or you are doing dozens of other things. We don't really describe what Large Talk is except by negation, we describe it as Not-Small Talk and then we describe the Large Talk based off the context, relation, and purpose for the large talk.

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It is my view Matt / Roland's view that language is utter freaking nonsense, but it is not pure nonsense for language helps us synchronize with one another for humans are all things-onto-themselves that are part of larger spaces, and these spaces are part of the world at large.

Language is just one of many nonsense tools we have in order to connect with one another.