As I've mentioned, I believe "Loss" is a key theme of the novel. Part of that loss is definitely shown through the loss of innocence and the loss of a world view. Rudolfo in particular is the character where we see this measured the most. While Rudolfo has obviously suffered a lot of loss over the course of his life, his understanding of that loss is different than what the readers know. It's when the full truth is revealed to Rudolfo when reality is exposed. That in, in part, the smaller plot line that mirrors the larger story.

We see this to different extents with all the primary characters.