... I think it's worth noting the similarity to Moiraine's family name "Damodred". That doesn't really help with guessing a translation, but given the sketchy nature of the Damodred clan, I've always thought it no coincidence that RJ chose a name similar to one of the Forsaken, for them.

Also, just to add a little bit to Dom's comments on Lanfear ... "an" is often used to mean "of the". For example, Shaidar Haran translates to "Hand of the Dark", where "Shaidar" is "Dark" and "Haran" is "Hand of the" ("Har", or perhaps "Hara" meaning "hand" ).

And "Carai an Caldazar" means "For the Honor of the Red Eagle" (Caldazar = Rea Eagle, Carai = Honor, "an" = of the, presumably - "For the" is probably just implied).

So, if Dom's specualtion that "La" means "daughter" is correct, then "Lan" could just be shortened form of "La-an", meaning "Daughter of the". In that case, the meaning of "Lan", Nynaeve's guy, may be entirely unrelated.